MILLET Maxime
Team : ALSOC
- Sorbonne Université - LIP6
Boîte courrier 169
Couloir 24-25, Étage 4, Bureau 411
4 place Jussieu
75252 PARIS CEDEX 05
FRANCE
Tel: +33 1 44 27 74 78, Maxime.Millet (at) nulllip6.fr
https://lip6.fr/Maxime.Millet
Supervision : Lionel LACASSAGNE
Co-supervision : Adrien CASSAGNE
Optimization and Time/Quality Trade-Off of an Optical Flow Algorithm on Low-Power SoC for Real-Time Meteor Detection Onboard a Nanosatellite
The detection of meteors, a luminous phenomenon resulting from the entry of extraterrestrial material into the atmosphere, is a topic of interest for astronomers.
The Meteorix project aims to perform this detection from a nanosatellite, a CubeSat 3U, in order to overcome the constraints associated with ground detection.
This thesis is part of this project and focuses on enriching and optimizing a space detection processing chain while adhering to two significant constraints: real-time processing (40 ms per image) on a low-power system-on-chip (SoC) limited to 10 W.
This work addresses key challenges related to optimizing algorithms to ensure real-time processing and identifying possible approximations that do not compromise the detection quality.
Spatial detection has to take into account the movements of the satellite and the observed scene, rendering commonly used algorithms ineffective. For this reason, the Meteorix project application relies on an optical flow algorithm (Horn & Schunck) to estimate the various apparent motions within the scene. The complete application achieves a detection rate of 96%.
To meet execution time and energy constraints, the optical flow algorithm was parallelized (using OpenMP and SIMD) and then optimized through algorithmic transformations. These include modifications to the code semantics, two iteration pipeline schedulings, and a multi-scale approximate estimation. The optimizations achieved allow for speedups ranging from x15 to x28 while reducing energy consumption by a factor of three compared to the compiler-optimized version.
Tests on embedded systems, such as the Jetson Orin Nano and the Orange Pi 5+, identified configurations that respect the 10 W energy limit while maintaining a detection rate of 96%.
Defence : 12/04/2024 - 14h - Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, salle Jacques Pitrat (25-26/105)
Jury members :
Denis Barthou, Directeur scientifique (HDR), Huawei Paris [Rapporteur]
Steven Derrien, Professeur des Universités, Lab-STICC Université de Bretagne Occidentale [Rapporteur]
François Berry, Professeur des Universités, ISPR Université Clermont Auvergne
Isabelle Bloch, Professeure des Universités, LIP6 Sorbonne Université
Michèle Gouiffes, Maîtresse de Conférences (HDR), LISN Université Paris-Saclay
Daniel Etiemble, Professeur des Universités Émérite, LRI Université Paris-Saclay
Lionel Lacassagne, Professeur des Universités, LIP6 Sorbonne Université
Adrien Cassagne, Maître de Conférences, LIP6 Sorbonne Université
Nicolas Rambaux, Maître de Conférences (HDR), IMCCE Sorbonne Université
2021-2023 Publications
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2023
- M. Millet, A. Cassagne, N. Rambaux, L. Lacassagne : “Real-Time and Approximate Iterative Optical Flow Implementation on Low-Power Embedded CPUs”, 2023 IEEE 34th International Conference on Application-specific Systems, Architectures and Processors (ASAP), Porto, Portugal, pp. 135-138, (IEEE) (2023)
- J. Vaubaillon, Ch. Loir, C. Ciocan, M. Kandeepan, M. Millet, A. Cassagne, L. Lacassagne, P. Da Fonseca, F. Zander, D. Buttsworth, S. Loehle, J. Tóth, S. Gray, A. Moingeon, N. Rambaux : “A 2022 τ-Herculid meteor cluster from an airborne experiment: automated detection, characterization, and consequences for meteoroids”, Astronomy and Astrophysics - A&A, (EDP Sciences) (2023)
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2022
- M. Kandeepan, C. Ciocan, M. Millet, M. Bouyer, A. Cassagne, L. Lacassagne : “Fast Meteor Detection Toolbox”, Workshop AFF3CT, Bordeaux, France (2022)
- J. Vaubaillon, Ch. Loir, M. Millet, C. Ciocan, M. Kandeepan, A. Cassagne, L. Lacassagne, P. Da Fonseca, F. Zander, D. Buttsworth, S. Loehle, J. Tóth, S. Gray‑Owen, A. Moingeon, N. Rambaux : “A 2022 τ-Herculids meteor cluster”, Internationational Meteor Conference (IMC) 2022, Poroszlo, Hungary (2022)
- M. Millet, N. Rambaux, A. Cassagne, M. Bouyer, A. Petreto, L. Lacassagne : “Meteorix: High performance computer vision application for Meteor detection from a CubeSat”, 44th Scientific Assembly of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR), Athens, Greece (2022)
- M. Millet, N. Rambaux, A. Petreto, F. Lemaitre, L. Lacassagne : “Meteorix - A new processing chain for real-time detection and tracking of meteors from space”, WGN, Journal of the International Meteor Organization, vol. 49 (6), (International Meteor Organization) (2022)
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2021
- N. Rambaux, J. Vaubaillon, S. Derelle, M. Jacquart, M. Millet, L. Lacassagne, A. Petreto, P. Simoneau, K. Baillié, J. Desmars, D. Galayko, R. Chotin : “Meteorix camera tests for space-based meteor observations”, WGN, Journal of the International Meteor Organization, vol. 49 (5), pp. 142-144, (International Meteor Organization) (2021)
- M. Millet, N. Rambaux, A. Petreto, J. Vaubaillon, L. Lacassagne : “METEORIX: a CubeSat mission for detection and characterization of meteors and space debris”, European CubeSat Symposium, Palaiseau, France (2021)
- N. Rambaux, J. Vaubaillon, S. Derelle, M. Jacquart, M. Millet, L. Lacassagne, A. Petreto, P. Simoneau, K. Baillié, J. Desmars, D. Galayko, R. Chotin : “Meteorix: A cubesat mission dedicated to the detection of meteors and space debris”, International Meteor Conference (IMC), Paris, France (2021)
- M. Millet, N. Rambaux, A. Petreto, F. Lemaitre, L. Lacassagne : “Meteorix: a new processing chain for detection and tracking of meteors from space”, IMC 2021 - International Meteor Conference, conférence virtuelle, France (2021)
- M. Millet, N. Rambaux, A. Petreto, F. Lemaitre, L. Lacassagne : “Détection temps réel de météores à bord d’un nanosatellite, application au projet Meteorix”, ORASIS 2021, Saint Ferréol, France (2021)